COVID 19 and Gums
Because COVID-19 is so new, we continue to learn more about it daily. Certain conditions and complications are now associated as risk factors for patients who are infected with the virus. One study found an association of gum disease and severe outcomes of COVID-19. To understand the association of gum disease and COVID-19, one must first have an understanding of gum disease and how it can contribute to certain complications.
Gum disease impacts the gum tissue and bone that supports the teeth. Gum disease is different from tooth decay in that it creates small holes in the bones that support the root of the teeth. In comparison, tooth decay results in holes on the tooth. Approximately 90% of the adult population is effected by gum disease. For most people who experience gum disease, it is from poor oral hygiene and neglect.
When the body identifies a bacterial infection in the gums, the natural response is inflammation. Cytokine storm is the term used to describe the process that occurs. With cytokine storm, there is a release of proteins which may be a contributing factor to the inflammatory response. This response can destroy other tissues throughout the body. The result is then that these inflammatory products are able to enter the blood stream via the infected gum pockets. These “inflammatory products” which are affiliated with gum disease, are then able to enter the blood stream. In severe cases, they are able to even reach other organs in the body or cause long-term tissue damage.
One study reported that patients with prior underling gum disease who were also hospitalized with coronavirus, were at an increased risk for respiratory failure or a severe outcome. In addition, the study suggested that symptoms of chronic periodontitis was also associated with severe COVID-19 complications. Due to the increased levels of inflammatory products, there was also an increased risk for the patient experiencing lung damage. It is possible for lung damage to progress into respiratory failure, thus requiring the use of a ventilator in patients with COVID-19. While the research is relatively new, it is undeniable that periodontal health is closely connected to a patient’s overall health.
There is growing scientific evidence that suggests an association between gum disease and other types of health complications. As an example, diabetic patients were found to be more susceptible to gum disease and infection compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. The association between gum disease and diabetes is bi-directional, meaning that gum disease is more common in patients who have cases of uncontrolled diabetes. The inflammation patients experience with gum disease increases the challenges in controlling diabetes. Diabetes is also listed as an underlying health condition with increased risk for severe illness or complications from COVID-19.
Anyone can experience gum disease, however, some patients are at an increased risk. For example, patients who are 65 or older are at higher risk for experiencing severe gum disease. Some minority groups are also found to be at an increased risk for periodontitis.
In the fight against gum disease, it is critical to practice good oral hygiene. This helps in the prevention of gum disease altogether. Good oral hygiene includes brushing twice each day and daily flossing. In addition, patients should visit their dentist regularly for a professional cleaning and examination. Prevention, early detection, and effective treatment are all critical in the fight against gum disease.