Stages of Tooth Decay

There are a few stages of tooth decay that are detectable before the tooth requires major restorative work. Tooth decay is an infection where the enamel begins to demineralize and deteriorate, creating pockets of decay on the tooth.

Stages of Tooth Decay

Demineralization of the tooth is the first sign of decay. This may present at a white spot on the tooth and can be either plaque buildup or calcium loss. At this stage, decay can usually be stopped or even reversed with better oral hygiene and incorporating fluoride oral care products to your routine.

Once demineralization begins, the bacteria found in plaque eat the sugars and starches that are in our foods and beverages and can begin to create an acid that deteriorates tooth enamel. When the surface of the tooth begins to break down, you will require professional treatment by your dentist to remedy the problem.

If not caught and treated, enamel breakdown leads to decay in the dentin part of the tooth structure. The dentin is the layer of tooth between the enamel and the pulp; at this point you may begin to experience temperature and sugar sensitivity when you eat and drink. If the dentin is damaged enough, the outer surface of the tooth can cave-in and leave a visible hole in the tooth. Your dentist can still repair the tooth with a filling or a crown.

By the time tooth decay has reached the fourth stage, the infection has reached from the enamel, through the dentin and into the pulp of the tooth. The pulp is where nerves and blood flow are housed and can be extremely painful. Patients with decay in the pulp will likely require an endodontist to perform a root canal to save the tooth and get out of pain.

Left untreated, a tooth with this much damage can form an abscess. An abscess is indicated by swelling of the gum tissue and must be drained before the patient can find relief. Antibiotics are usually required to kill the infection.

The final stage of tooth decay is hopelessness. A tooth that cannot be saved with treatment will need to be extracted. Depending on the location of the tooth, you and your dentist can decide if you want to replace the tooth with a bridge or a dental implant. You always have the option of not replacing the tooth at all but leaving an empty space can cause remaining healthy teeth to move and shift as they try to close the space.

Can I prevent tooth decay?

Even though there can be other factors that contribute to tooth decay, the best way to prevent it is with good oral hygiene. Regular visits to your dentist will ensure that decay is caught in the early stages and treated so that you do not risk losing a tooth or spending time and money on more extensive treatment.

Using oral care products that contain fluoride can be very helpful in preventing an even reversing early stages of decay. If you are susceptible to cavities or a periodontal disease, speak with your dentist and make sure that you are having your teeth professionally cleaned at least twice a year.

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